The annual cost of inadequate interoperability in United States capital facilities: information failing to move between the systems and phases of a facility’s life. Owners and operators bear roughly two thirds of it, $19.6 billion, most of that during ongoing operations and maintenance rather than design or construction. The condition has survived two decades of software spending. In Deloitte’s survey of more than 880 global real estate executives, only 14 percent believed their companies had well-structured processes for collecting and managing data, and a year earlier 61 percent of owners and investors still reported depending on legacy technology infrastructure.
NIST GCR 04-867 (2004), restated in 2026 dollars using the Consumer Price Index; Deloitte Center for Financial Services, 2024 and 2025 Commercial Real Estate Outlooks. Chapter 1 of the white paper sets out the sources in full and traces where the cost surfaces in a portfolio like yours.